Title: Chapter 06: Hinduism
Course: World Religions, 2e

Q: What is the present condition of the cosmos, according to Hinduism?
- at its evolutionary highest
- largely unchanged over the course of time
- near its end
- still in its golden age
- in its most degenerate period
A: in its most degenerate period

Q: Which calendar do most Hindu festivals follow?
- Julian
- Gregorian
- lunar
- solar
- Dravidian
A: lunar

Q: From highest to lowest, which list gives the castes in their appropriate order?
- Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Sudras
- Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Brahmans, Sudras
- Vaishyas, Kshatriyas, Brahmans, Sudras
- Brahmans, Vaishyas, Kshatriyas, Sudras
- Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Sudras, Vaishyas
A: Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Sudras

Q: Hinduism is the primary religion of India. Two other religious traditions developed in India about 2,500 years ago. These are:
- Buddhism and Islam.
- Buddhism and Sikhism.
- Jainism and Sikhism.
- Islam and Sikhism.
- Buddhism and Jainism.
A: Buddhism and Jainism.

Q: Who are the two primary gods of Bhakti Hinduism?
- Arjuna and Gopi
- Devi and Ganesha
- Vishnu and Shiva
- Krishna and Brahman
- Rama and Vishnu
A: Vishnu and Shiva

Q: The noble ones who dominated northern India after the Indus Valley Civilization are called:
- Dravidians.
- Harappans.
- Tamils.
- Aryans.
- Sikhs.
A: Aryans.

Q: What was the language of the Aryans?
- Sanskrit
- Greek
- Hindi
- Pali
- Tamil
A: Sanskrit

Q: Harappan civilization refers to which group?
- Aryan
- Tibetan
- Punjabi
- legendary culture of Sri Lanka
- Indus Valley
A: Indus Valley

Q: Who were the Dravidians?
- western invaders
- Aryan settlers
- groups speaking southern languages related to Tamil
- priests
- Muslim conquerors
A: groups speaking southern languages related to Tamil

Q: Ancient Aryan society was divided into which classes?
- the priestly class alone
- the merchant class alone
- priestly, warrior, merchant
- the priestly and merchant classes
- the warrior class
A: priestly, warrior, merchant

Q: The term twice-born refers to which caste(s)?
- the top three classes
- the priestly class
- the lowest class
- the priestly and warrior classes
- those from any class who attain moksha
A: the top three classes

Q: What are the four goals in Hinduism?
- artha, dharma, karma, moksha
- dharma, artha, kama, moksha
- jnana, varna, purusha, moksha
- bhakti, karma, yoga, nirvana
- bhakti, karma, varna, moksha
A: dharma, artha, kama, moksha

Q: What form of Hinduism inverts many of the purity-pollution conventions of orthodox Brahminism?
- Vedanta
- Bhakti
- Tantric
- Vaishnava
- Shaiva
A: Tantric

Q: What are Shaktas?
- followers of Shiva
- disciples of Shankara
- temples of Shiva
- a class in the Hindu social structure
- followers of Devi
A: followers of Devi

Q: With what empire is the Classical period of Hinduism associated?
- Gupta
- Sultanate of Delhi
- Mughal
- Dravidian
- British
A: Gupta

Q: What class is associated with the Shudra?
- priests
- outcastes
- servants
- rulers, landowners, warriors
- merchants
A: servants

Q: What class is associated with the Vaishya?
- rulers, landowners, warriors
- priests
- servants
- outcastes
- merchants
A: merchants

Q: What class is associated with the Kshatriya?
- priests
- rulers, land owners, warriors
- merchants
- slaves
- outcastes
A: rulers, land owners, warriors

Q: What class is associated with the Brahmin?
- priests
- rulers, landowners, warriors
- merchants
- slaves
- outcastes
A: priests

Q: Castes are grouped into how many varnas?
- 5
- 3
- 10
- 3,000
- 4
A: 4

Q: Into how many castes is Hindu society divided?
- over 1,000
- 100
- 12
- over 3,000
- 3
A: over 3,000

Q: What movement helped most to introduce a knowledge of Hinduism to the Western world?
- Hare Krishna
- Arya Samaj
- Ramakrishna and the Vedanta Society
- Vedanta
- Brahmo Samaj
A: Ramakrishna and the Vedanta Society

Q: How do Hindus view the course of the cosmos?
- cyclical, though continuously progressing
- evolutionary from lower to higher
- linear, progressing to a final judgment
- cyclical, through creation, preservation, and destruction
- declining steadily from an original golden age
A: cyclical, through creation, preservation, and destruction

Q: When was the Hare Krishna movement formed?
- in the last century
- in the sixth century BCE
- 500s CE
- 1000s CE
- during the writing of the Gita
A: in the last century

Q: What is an avatara?
- representative of a deity
- statue of a deity
- incarnated form of a deity
- priest of a deity
- most ancient form of a deity
A: incarnated form of a deity

Q: What is a sadhu?
- a priest
- any holy man
- a Buddhist monk
- widow who dies on her husband’s funeral pyre
- a student of the Vedas
A: any holy man

Q: What is a swami?
- any guru
- Shiva priest
- a renouncer who belongs to particular organizations
- miracle worker
- healer
A: a renouncer who belongs to particular organizations

Q: Question 34
- priest
- teacher
- healer
- renouncer
- magician
A: renouncer

Q: Who are generally the priests of Hinduism?
- male Brahmins
- male or female Brahmins
- ascetics
- celibate Brahmin males
- anyone who holds the Vedas to be true
A: male Brahmins

Q: What is a yogi?
- any guru
- any celibate guru
- any Brahmin priest
- a philosopher
- an serious practitioner of yoga
A: an serious practitioner of yoga

Q: Who is the creator god in Hinduism?
- Krishna
- Vishnu
- Brahma
- Shiva
- Kali
A: Brahma

Q: Which god is viewed as the Preserver?
- Shiva
- Vishnu
- Brahman
- Agni
- Kali
A: Vishnu

Q: Which god is viewed as the Destroyer?
- Vishnu
- Brahman
- Agni
- Kali
- Shiva
A: Shiva

Q: Hindus divide the cosmos into how many basic levels?
- 3
- 1
- 10
- 360
- 100
A: 3

Q: For what is Ayodhya famous?
- birthplace of Krishna
- the temple of Vishnu
- the temple of Shiva
- the palace of Askoa
- birthplace of Rama
A: birthplace of Rama

Q: Who is the monkey god?
- Ganesha
- Gandara
- Narasimha
- Hanuman
- Agni
A: Hanuman

Q: Which goddess wears a garland of skulls?
- Kali
- Devi
- Lakshmi
- Sarasvati
- Parvati
A: Kali

Q: Which goddess is portrayed as beautiful and seated on a lotus?
- Devi
- Parvati
- Lakshmi
- Ganga
- Sarasvati
A: Lakshmi

Q: Who is the greatest goddess in Hinduism?
- Lakshmi
- Devi/Durga
- Parvati
- Ganga
- Sarasvati
A: Devi/Durga

Q: Which god has prominent elephant-like features?
- Hanuman
- Gandhara
- Narasimha
- Ganesha
- Agni
A: Ganesha

Q: Who led the India independence movement from Britain?
- Ram Mohan Roy
- Vivekananda
- Bhaktivedanta
- Ram Das
- Mahatma Gandhi
A: Mahatma Gandhi

Q: For what is Ram Mohan Roy best known?
- social reforms in Hinduism
- founding the Hare Krishna movement
- leading the independence movement in India
- TM
- rebuilding the temple of Rama
A: social reforms in Hinduism

Q: What did Chaitanya promote especially as form of devotion to Krishna?
- prayer and fasting
- vegetarianism
- dancing and singing
- celibacy
- reading of the Vedas
A: dancing and singing

Q: What did Madhva teach?
- The created world is independent.
- The created world is an illusion.
- The created world is insubstantial.
- The created world is all that exists.
- The created world is different from Brahman.
A: The created world is different from Brahman.

Q: What is another name for Divali?
- the birthday of Rama
- the bright and clear festival
- festival of lights
- the vow of Devi
- the day of Devi
A: festival of lights

Q: What did Ramanuja teach?
- The created world is Brahman.
- The created world is different from Brahman.
- The created world expresses attributes of Brahman.
- The created world is substantial but temporary.
- The created world is all that exists.
A: The created world expresses attributes of Brahman.

Q: What did Shankara teach?
- The created world expresses attributes of Brahman.
- The created world is different from Brahman.
- The created world is an illusion.
- The created world is substantial but temporary.
- The created world is all that exists.
A: The created world is an illusion.

Q: With what school of thought is Shankara associated?
- Radical Nondualistic Vedanta
- Raja Yoga
- Qualified Nondualistic Vedanta
- Dualistic Vedanta
- Rama Krishna
A: Radical Nondualistic Vedanta

Q: Who was Arjuna?
- a reincarnation of Krishna in the Gita
- the main opponent in the Gita
- the author of the Gita
- the martyr in the Gita
- the main warrior in the Gita
A: the main warrior in the Gita

Q: Prince Rama was the seventh incarnation of what god?
- Shiva
- Ganesha
- Vishnu
- Hanuman
- Krishna
A: Vishnu

Q: What is meant by the name Indus Valley Civilization?
- post-Aryan civilization
- ancient culture with large cities
- Aryan civilization
- Sikhism
- Punjabi-speaking Hindus
A: ancient culture with large cities

Q: For what is Allahabad (Prayag) famous?
- the only surviving mosque in India
- the chief Muslim city in India
- a monastery dedicated to Vishnu
- mass bathing in the Ganga river
- the birthplace of the god Rama
A: mass bathing in the Ganga river

Q: For what is Kanchipuram well known?
- major monastic center of Hinduism
- birthplace of Rama
- birthplace of Ashoka
- major battle site of Aryan-Dravidian war
- major battle site of war described in the Gita
A: major monastic center of Hinduism

Q: With what god is Badrinath particularly associated?
- Shiva
- Krishna
- Vishnu
- Ganesha
- Hanuman
A: Vishnu

Q: With what god is Varanasi particularly associated?
- Vishnu
- Krishna
- Ganesha
- Hanuman
- Shiva
A: Shiva

Q: What festival is dedicated to Devi, the Hindu goddess?
- Divali
- Kumbha Mela
- Mahashivaratri
- Navaratra
- Holi
A: Navaratra

Q: What is often consulted to provide a good match of marriage partners in a Hindu marriage?
- a Durga priest
- a chart of Hindu names
- horoscopes
- a temple oracle
- the god Ganesha
A: horoscopes

Q: When is the sacred thread given in Hinduism?
- end of student stage
- marriage
- birth
- renunciation
- beginning of student stage
A: beginning of student stage

Q: What is the major food prohibition in Hinduism?
- beef
- pork
- all meat
- seafood
- fowl
A: beef

Q: What is the main purpose of the practice of yoga?
- physical health
- liberation
- mental health
- posture
- peace
A: liberation

Q: Vedic religion largely involved:
- caste duties.
- meditation and yoga.
- monotheism.
- ethical and moral teachings.
- priests, sacrifice, and ritual.
A: priests, sacrifice, and ritual.

Q: What did the practice of sati involve?
- suicide of a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre
- secret marriage
- arranged marriage
- cross-caste marriage
- remarriage of a widow
A: suicide of a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre

Q: What period of life does the forest-dweller stage express?
- renunciation
- marriage
- student
- retirement
- rural householder
A: retirement

Q: The fourth state in Hinduism (renunciation) is:
- optional.
- obligatory.
- obligatory if one spouse is deceased.
- obligatory only if the female spouse is deceased.
- obligatory only for males.
A: optional.

Q: What is the primary funeral custom for disposing of the dead in Hinduism?
- exposure of body in a sacred circle
- burial
- sarcophagus
- cremation
- temple cemetery
A: cremation

Q: The linga symbol is associated with which god or goddess?
- Vishnu
- Brahman
- Krishna
- Shiva
- Rama
A: Shiva

Q: In what form is Shiva generally worshiped on Mahashivaratri?
- sacred threads
- lights
- lingas
- prayer beads
- head coverings
A: lingas

Q: The yoni symbol is associated with which god or goddess?
- Vishnu
- Shiva
- Ganesha
- Hanuman
- Devi
A: Devi

Q: What is a linga?
- phallic symbol
- sacred chant
- sacred thread
- priest of Shiva
- follower of Shiva
A: phallic symbol

Q: What is the most sacred sound in Hinduism?
- brahman
- atman
- om
- tat
- tvam
A: om

Q: To which god is the cow linked in Hinduism?
- Shiva
- Krishna
- Brahman
- Kali
- Durga
A: Krishna

Q: What is not a criterion in the definition of a Hindu according to the Supreme Court of India?
- belief in reincarnation
- respect for the Vedas
- recognition of various ways to god
- practice of vegetarianism
- recognition of many gods deserving worship
A: practice of vegetarianism

Q: What does the term jati mean?
- caste
- rebirth
- liberation
- duty
- master
A: caste

Q: What is the translation of the title Bhagavad Gita?
- battle of the good
- the path of devotion
- the story of Vishnu
- the epic of the prince
- song of the lord
A: song of the lord

Q: What is the term for existence that consists of vast cycles of rebirths for individuals and for the cosmos?
- maya
- karma
- samsara
- varna
- moshka
A: samsara

Q: What is maya?
- liberation
- rebirth
- duty
- illusion
- caste
A: illusion

Q: What does the word Aryan mean?
- white
- noble one
- Hindu
- north
- immigrant
A: noble one

Q: At which festival are colored powders and colored water thrown?
- Kumbha Mela
- Divali
- Holi
- Navaratra
- Mahashivaratri
A: Holi

Q: What is the Sanskrit word for self?
- atman
- brahman
- ajiva
- om
- samsara
A: atman

Q: What does the word Brahman mean?
- chief
- priestly
- one
- god
- expansive
A: expansive

Q: What or who are the Pandavas?
- five heroic brothers from the Mahabharata
- post-Vedic writings
- temples dedicated to Shiva
- a class of Vedic priests
- disciples of the goddess Parvati
A: five heroic brothers from the Mahabharata

Q: What pair of concepts do the Upanishads often address?
- shruti and smriti
- kama and karma
- Atman and Brahman
- caste and dharma
- sacrifice and ritual
A: Atman and Brahman

Q: What was the first cultural period of India?
- Aryan
- Classical
- Vedic
- Indus Valley
- Upanishadic
A: Indus Valley

Q: Ultimate liberation in Hinduism is called:
- samsara.
- Brahman.
- karma.
- moksha.
- atman.
A: moksha.

Q: Who is the Hindu god of fire?
- Vishnu
- Brahman
- Agni
- Shiva
- Krishna
A: Agni

Q: The word Veda means:
- sacrifice.
- ritual.
- submission.
- perfection.
- knowledge.
A: knowledge.

Q: The word varna identifies:
- the oldest Hindu goddess.
- the Hindu caste system.
- the rules of conduct for the Buddhist monk.
- the main Muslim ruler of India.
- the main Sanskrit text.
A: the Hindu caste system.

Q: What term describes the character of Hindu texts that are considered divinely revealed?
- shruti
- smriti
- samsara
- sanskrit
- sacredotal
A: shruti

Q: What is not a feature of the Kumbha Mela?
- annual
- pilgrimage
- a sacred river
- a sacred bath
- done with millions of others
A: annual

Q: What do the Laws of Manu specify?
- sacrificial procedures
- constitution of the modern nation of India
- monastic rules
- caste duties
- constitution under Emperor Ashoka
A: caste duties

Q: What is the content of Dharma Shastras?
- sacrificial hymns
- social structures and moral duties
- monastic regulations
- temple regulations
- primary texts of the Vedanta school
A: social structures and moral duties

Q: What kind of movement is reflected in the Puranas?
- bhakti
- monastic
- tantric
- karma
- jnana
A: bhakti

Q: What is the primary path that the Gita recommends?
- nonaction
- pilgrimage
- pacifism
- prayer
- devotion
A: devotion

Q: What group produced the earliest materials in the Vedas?
- Buddhists
- native priestly class in India
- southern Indian sages
- followers of Vishnu
- Aryans
A: Aryans

Q: What text is called “The Song of the Lord”?
- Bhagavad Gita
- Mahabharata
- Puranas
- Sama Veda
- Veda
A: Bhagavad Gita

Q: What is the language of the Vedic texts?
- Hindi
- Arabic
- Sanskrit
- Tamil
- Punjabi
A: Sanskrit

Q: What statement below is not applicable to the Upanishads?
- philosophical discourse
- the most popular of Hindu texts
- the end of the Vedas
- identification of Atman with Brahman
- written in Sanskrit
A: the most popular of Hindu texts

Q: The Upanishads are religious texts that emphasize:
- musical chants for use during sacrifice.
- daily prayers in the home.
- priestly prayers for use during sacrifice.
- philosophical reflection.
- the mystical texts of upper India.
A: philosophical reflection.

Q: What kinds of Hindu texts does the word smriti identify?
- all religious texts
- all nonreligious texts
- pre-Vedic texts
- texts considered divinely inspired
- texts not considered divinely inspired
A: texts not considered divinely inspired