Title: Chapter 04: Christianity
Course: World Religions, 2e

Q: What traditional Christian belief was not challenged by deism?
- miracle
- divinity of Christ
- the Trinity
- apocalypse
- monotheism
A: monotheism

Q: What Germanic tribe helped Christianize Western Europe?
- Lombards
- Vandals
- Normans
- Goths
- Franks
A: Franks

Q: The Apocrypha is a collection of books that appear in some Christian Bibles but are rejected by which group?
- Protestants
- pre-Vatican II Catholics
- bishops of the Council of Trent
- Henry VIII
- Vatican II Catholics
A: Protestants

Q: What was the popular name of the most famous translation of the Bible in English (officially known as the Authorized Version)?
- the Great Bible
- Revised Standard Version
- the Received Text
- the Tyndale Bible
- King James Version
A: King James Version

Q: What period do the four Gospels primarily cover?
- Jesus’s life
- Jesus’s life as a religious reformer
- Jesus’s adult life
- the first Christian century
- the church until Constantine
A: Jesus’s life as a religious reformer

Q: What is the prominent message of Jesus in most of the Gospels?
- the kingdom of God
- the corruption of the temple
- the occupation of the Romans
- the observance of Torah
- the necessity of moral purity
A: the kingdom of God

Q: Stories of Jesus’s exploits as a boy are found primarily in what writings?
- first-century Infancy Gospels
- the Gospels of Matthew and Luke
- second- and third-century Infancy Gospels
- all the Gospels in the Christian canon
- in Nestorian writings of the fifth century
A: second- and third-century Infancy Gospels

Q: For early Christians, what was their favorite part of the Hebrew Bible?
- Torah
- Proverbs
- Talmud
- Mishnah
- Prophets
A: Prophets

Q: Which group brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?
- Ottoman Turks
- Christian crusader armies
- Mongols
- Holy Roman Empire
- Normans
A: Ottoman Turks

Q: What Protestant group became the state church of the Scandinavian countries?
- Lutheran
- Anglican
- Presbyterian
- Anabaptist
- Reformed
A: Lutheran

Q: What are native Egyptian Christian churches called?
- Alexandrian
- Coptic
- Jacobite
- Nestorian
- Monophysite
A: Coptic

Q: The charismatic movement is related to which North American religion?
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Mormonism
- Pentecostalism
- Disciples of Christ
- Seventh-Day Adventist
A: Pentecostalism

Q: What is another name for the Eastern Orthodox (or Eastern Rite) church?
- Monophysite
- Hellenistic
- Basilian
- Russian
- Byzantine
A: Byzantine

Q: What two groups are linked by the doctrine of apostolic succession?
- presbyters to bishops
- bishops to the pope
- apostles to the pope
- bishops to apostles
- deacons to bishops
A: bishops to apostles

Q: Who opposed the use of the term Mother of God for Mary?
- Nestorians
- gnostics
- Monophysites
- Montanists
- Copts
A: Nestorians

Q: What was the primary emphasis of gnosticism?
- trinitarianism
- antinomianism
- free-thinking
- asceticism
- dualism
A: dualism

Q: Which Christian group below did not begin in North America?
- Mormon
- Seventh-Day Adventist
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Pentecostal
- Methodist
A: Methodist

Q: What was not one of the charges brought by pagans against the early Christian movement?
- atheism
- sexual immorality
- celibacy
- cannibalism
- unlearned
A: celibacy

Q: What is the largest Protestant movement?
- Baptist
- Pentecostal
- Anglican
- Lutheran
- Methodist
A: Pentecostal

Q: What is the largest Protestant group in the United States?
- Methodist
- Episcopalian
- Baptist
- Mormon
- Presbyterian
A: Baptist

Q: What is the term for an Eastern Rite church in communion with the Roman Catholic Church?
- Uniate
- Orthodox
- United
- Conciliar
- Byzantine
A: Uniate

Q: From what group did the Protestant movement arise?
- Eastern Orthodox
- Monophysite
- Uniate
- Roman Catholic
- Byzantine
A: Roman Catholic

Q: What was the distinctive belief of the Monophysites?
- Christ had one nature, the divine
- Christ had two natures, divine and human
- Christ was a man energized by God
- Christ’s divine nature dominated his human nature
- Christ’s human nature dominated his divine nature
A: Christ had one nature, the divine

Q: What was the main “heretical” belief in the Western church?
- Nestorianism
- Monophysitism
- Arianism
- Montanism
- monarchianism
A: Arianism

Q: Which theological belief emphasized the rule of natural law?
- tritheism
- deism
- predestination
- Arminianism
- apocalyptism
A: deism

Q: Which group attempted to create a “middle way” between Catholicism and the main churches of the Protestant reform?
- Lutheran
- Presbyterian
- Anabaptist
- Methodist
- Anglican
A: Anglican

Q: Which early Protestant group rejected church/state ties?
- Anglican
- Lutheran
- Reformed
- Anabaptist
- Presbyterian
A: Anabaptist

Q: Twentieth-century Catholic reform came out of:
- Vatican I.
- Lateran I.
- Lateran II.
- Vatican II.
- the Council of Trent.
A: Vatican II.

Q: What does the Feast of the Epiphany celebrate in the Western Christian church?
- the birth of Jesus
- the visit of the magi
- the resurrection of Jesus
- the baptism of Jesus
- the death of Jesus
A: the visit of the magi

Q: What word best describes the movement of which the Methodists were a part?
- pietism
- Protestantism
- mysticism
- liberalism
- socialism
A: pietism

Q: Who are the Anabaptists?
- one of the baptizing sects along the Dead Sea
- adult baptizers of the Protestant Reformation
- those who practiced the baptism of children
- persecuted Spanish Baptists who settled in California
- opponents of the Baptists in England
A: adult baptizers of the Protestant Reformation

Q: The two major divisions within Christianity are:
- Catholic and Protestant.
- Catholic and Anglican.
- Catholic and Arian.
- Catholic and Orthodox.
- Monophysite and Nestorian.
A: Catholic and Orthodox.

Q: Which Christian group rejected the use of the Hebrew Bible?
- Montanists
- Monophysites
- Marcionites
- Monothelites
- Methodists
A: Marcionites

Q: In what period did the Roman Empire become Christian?
- 100s CE
- 300s CE
- 500s CE
- 700s CE
- 900s CE
A: 300s CE

Q: The office of priest is rooted in what early church office?
- presbyter
- deacon
- prophet
- bishop
- apostle
A: presbyter

Q: Over what part of Christianity is the pope the head?
- most of the Eastern church
- most of the Western church
- all but the Orthodox
- all
- all but the Protestants
A: most of the Western church

Q: The chief office in the early Christian church was:
- martyr.
- deacon.
- bishop.
- rabbi.
- presbyter.
A: bishop.

Q: What is the chief religious leader in Eastern Orthodox churches called?
- metropolitan
- archbishop
- high priest
- patriarch
- holy father
A: patriarch

Q: Which early bishop wrote a history of the church from the time of Jesus to the reign of Constantine?
- Augustine
- Tertullian
- Origen
- Eusebius
- Socrates
A: Eusebius

Q: The Christian celebration of Easter was once associated with which Jewish festival?
- Passover
- Pentecost
- Purim
- Yom Kippur
- Rosh Hashanah
A: Passover

Q: What church did John Wesley found?
- Wesleyan
- Salvation Army
- Episcopalian
- Anglican
- Methodist
A: Methodist

Q: Under what Christian emperor did the Eastern Roman Empire revive?
- Constantine
- Theodora
- Justinian
- Cyril
- Julian
A: Justinian

Q: Who was primarily responsible for developing Palestine into the Christian “Holy Land”?
- Mary
- Constantine
- Helena
- Eusebius
- Julian
A: Helena

Q: What is the age of Charlemagne the Great called?
- Carolingian
- Moravian
- Byzantine
- Norman
- Byzantine
A: Carolingian

Q: Early Christians claimed Jesus was the son of what prominent character in the Hebrew Bible?
- Abraham
- David
- Adam
- Moses
- Ezra
A: David

Q: Who was the major theologian of early Protestantism?
- Zwingli
- Simmons
- Wycliffe
- Calvin
- Knox
A: Calvin

Q: Henry VIII was responsible for the founding of what church?
- Presbyterian
- Anglican
- Hutterite
- Imperial
- nonconformist
A: Anglican

Q: Which early Christian theologian is responsible for the developed belief in original sin?
- Tertullian
- Origen
- Ambrose
- Cyprian
- Augustine
A: Augustine

Q: Most of Catholic theology in the last seven hundred years has been heavily influenced by:
- Aquinas.
- Abelard.
- Anselm.
- Francis of Assisi.
- Augustine.
A: Aquinas.

Q: Who is considered the most influential theologian of Scholasticism?
- Ambrose
- Anselm
- Augustine
- Aquinas
- Abelard
A: Aquinas

Q: During what Jewish feast was Jesus executed?
- Pentecost
- Purim
- Rosh Hashanah
- Passover
- Yom Kippur
A: Passover

Q: What was the theme of much of the writings of Augustine?
- grace of God and original sin
- the resurrection of the dead
- the apocalyptic end of the age
- the existence of God
- apologetics against Judaism
A: grace of God and original sin

Q: Christians have generally accepted the Old Testament. What early Christian leader rejected the Old Testament?
- Ignatius
- Marcion
- Montanus
- Paul
- Tertullian
A: Marcion

Q: What issue is most prominent in Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses?
- baptism
- use of images
- the need for a vernacular translation of the Bible
- indulgences
- priestly celibacy
A: indulgences

Q: Who wrote the Summa Theologica?
- Abelard
- Augustine
- Aquinas
- Scholasticus
- Anselm
A: Aquinas

Q: When did Augustine write The City of God?
- as the Western Roman empire was collapsing
- as Constantine was coming to power
- as the Muslims surrounded Constantinople
- as the empire revived under Justinian
- as the West revived under Charlemagne
A: as the Western Roman empire was collapsing

Q: What is the Hagia Sophia?
- another name for the Christian Bible
- a church in Istanbul
- the founder of female monasticism
- a book of special mystical wisdom
- a common figure in gnostic texts
A: a church in Istanbul

Q: Where was Roman Catholicism largely located prior to the 1500s?
- Western Europe
- the Mediterranean
- the Middle East
- Italy
- Latin America
A: Western Europe

Q: What was the primary language of the eastern areas of the Roman Empire at the beginning of Christianity?
- Latin
- Aramaic
- Hebrew
- Greek
- Persian
A: Greek

Q: What is the center of Eastern Christian monasticism?
- Mount Sinai
- Mount Athos
- the Dead Sea
- Rhodes
- Moscow
A: Mount Athos

Q: The Catholics tried to check the force of early Protestantism at:
- Vatican II.
- the Council of Constance.
- Vatican I.
- the Battle of Milvian Bridge.
- the Council of Trent.
A: the Council of Trent.

Q: What feast celebrates the descent of the Holy Spirit on the first Christians?
- Easter
- Epiphany
- Pentecost
- Christmas
- Eucharist
A: Pentecost

Q: Where does the pope reside?
- the city of Rome
- Jerusalem
- Vatican City
- Avignon
- Geneva
A: Vatican City

Q: Where was Jesus born according to early Christian tradition?
- Nazareth
- Jerusalem
- Bethlehem
- Tiberius
- Egypt
A: Bethlehem

Q: What area took over the leadership of Eastern Orthodoxy after Constantinople fell to the Muslims?
- Moscow
- Canterbury
- Geneva
- Mount Athos
- Greece
A: Moscow

Q: How many sacraments does the Roman Catholic Church affirm?
- 7
- 2
- 10
- 5
- 1
A: 7

Q: What was the main debate regarding baptism during the Protestant Reformation?
- whether Catholic baptism was valid
- whether only a priest could baptize
- whether baptism was necessary
- whether baptism should involve repentance
- whether children should be baptized
A: whether children should be baptized

Q: What is the primary rite of initiation into the Christian church?
- confirmation
- baptism
- circumcision
- confession
- first rites
A: baptism

Q: What is a major practice during the season of Lent?
- an exchange of gifts
- a forty-day fast
- daily waving of palm branches
- the reading of the whole Bible
- parades and feasting
A: a forty-day fast

Q: What is another name for the Lord’s Prayer?
- the Our Father
- the Ave Maria
- the Eighteen Benedictions
- the doxology
- the ten words
A: the Our Father

Q: Which term is not a synonym for the Eucharist?
- Lord’s Supper
- Mass
- Communion
- Matzah
- body and blood of Christ
A: Matzah

Q: According to the Gospels, what aspect of Jewish religion did Jesus not criticize?
- temple economy
- food laws
- Sabbath legislation
- circumcision
- Pharisees
A: circumcision

Q: What is the significance of the year 1054 CE?
- schism between Eastern and Western Christianity
- Muslim conquest of Spain
- Muslim defeat in Spain
- the beginning of the Protestant Reformation
- the Council of Trent
A: schism between Eastern and Western Christianity

Q: What are the elements usually used in the Christian Eucharist?
- bread and water
- bread only
- fish and wine
- bread and wine
- wine only
A: bread and wine

Q: What does the term chi-rho identify?
- an early Christian manuscript from Egypt
- the entrance to a basilica
- Christian symbol popularized by Constantine
- special insignia of the Bishop of Rome
- a musical notation in Gregorian Chants
A: Christian symbol popularized by Constantine

Q: What is the symbol based on the acrostic ichthus (Jesus Christ, son of God, savior)?
- fish
- dove
- shepherd
- bread
- wine
A: fish

Q: What do the letters IHC stand for?
- “in his communion”
- “Imperial Holiness Constantine”
- first three letters in the Latin word for Jesus
- “in Hebrew consonants”
- first three letters in the Greek word for Jesus
A: first three letters in the Latin word for Jesus

Q: In early Christian debates, what was the Son often identified as?
- Spirit
- Agape
- Theotokos
- Paraclete
- Logos
A: Logos

Q: Which term would the Arians not apply to the Logos?
- son
- eternal
- created
- Lord
- made
A: eternal

Q: To what does the term Holy Roman Empire refer?
- the papacy
- the restored empire under Justinian
- the Christian empire under Constantine
- the medieval Christian empire in Western Europe
- the Christian church
A: the medieval Christian empire in Western Europe

Q: What term is used for the first three Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke)?
- apocryphal
- syncretistic
- autobiographical
- infancy
- synoptic
A: synoptic

Q: What was the term for the struggle between popes and monarchs over the control over ecclesiastical appointments?
- Iconoclastic Controversy
- the Babylonian Captivity
- Investiture Controversy
- the Conciliar Movement
- the Vatican Council
A: Investiture Controversy

Q: To what does the term Beatitudes refer?
- ethical teachings of Jesus
- individuals in the process of sainthood
- the Ten Commandments
- the Lord’s Prayer
- the current list of new saints
A: ethical teachings of Jesus

Q: What is the monastic rule used by Western Christendom?
- Rule of Basil
- Rule of Benedict
- Rule of Gregory
- Rule of Augustine
- Rule of Cluny
A: Rule of Benedict

Q: What ideas dominated much of the religious speculation in Palestine during the lifetime of Jesus?
- antinomian
- humanist
- apocalyptic
- gnostic
- mishnaic
A: apocalyptic

Q: What religious war devastated Germany in the 1600s?
- the Seven Years’ War
- the Battle of the Milvian Bridge
- the Thirty Years’ War
- the War of the Spanish Succession
- the Hundred Years’ War
A: the Thirty Years’ War

Q: What is the dominant Christian view of God called?
- monotheism
- polytheism
- henotheism
- tritheism
- trinitarianism
A: trinitarianism

Q: What element was not a key in the early church’s ability to create and maintain unity?
- creed
- council
- canon
- confessional
- clergy
A: confessional

Q: What do the letters INRI refer to?
- Latin: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
- Greek: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
- English: in the name of the Roman Imperium
- Hebrew: in the name of Royal Israel
- abbreviation for medieval military order of monks
A: Latin: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews

Q: What does the word Christ mean?
- blessed
- son
- anointed
- incarnate
- second person
A: anointed

Q: When was the abbreviation BC first used in dating schemes?
- 100s
- 300s
- 500s
- 1600s
- 1900s
A: 1600s

Q: What aspect of Jewish religion was not borrowed by Christians?
- ethical system
- canon
- circumcision
- monotheism
- baptism
A: circumcision

Q: What does the word medieval mean?
- oldest
- Christian
- monastic
- ancient
- middle
A: middle

Q: What belief did the Chalcedon Definition of Faith maintain?
- Christ with two natures: fully human and divine
- Christ with one nature: human only
- Christ with one nature: divine only
- God in three persons (Trinity)
- the man Christ becomes divine
A: Christ with two natures: fully human and divine

Q: From what group of people did Christianity originally draw their saints?
- monastics
- apostles
- clergy
- martyrs
- bishops
A: martyrs

Q: In efforts to reconstruct the “Historical Jesus,” what elements of the stories in the Gospels have been generally treated as unhistorical?
- anti-Torah comments
- baptism
- crucifixion
- miracles
- parables
A: miracles

Q: What does the word catholic mean?
- correct
- majority
- true
- universal
- faithful
A: universal

Q: What type of church structure does the Reformed church promote?
- presbyterian
- episcopal
- congregational
- autocephalous
- apostolic
A: presbyterian

Q: What was the bishop of the chief city of a Roman province called?
- patriarch
- chief priest
- metropolitan
- chief bishop
- procurator
A: metropolitan

Q: Who were the magi?
- another name for the Jewish priests
- the wise men of the Christmas story
- another name for the Greek priests
- the primary office of Eastern Orthodox churches
- members of the Jewish Sanhedrin
A: the wise men of the Christmas story

Q: What does the word pope mean?
- priest
- king
- prince
- father
- lord
A: father

Q: What kind of church government and hierarchy is identified by the term autocephalous?
- Roman Catholic
- Eastern Orthodox
- Nestorian
- Congregational
- Presbyterian
A: Eastern Orthodox

Q: What was the name of the Bible widely used by the earliest Christians?
- Talmud
- Torah
- Septuagint
- Vulgate
- New Testament
A: Septuagint

Q: What are the main parts of the distinctive Christian canon?
- gnostic writings
- written and oral torah
- Apocrypha
- Paul’s writings and the Gospels
- pseudepigrapha
A: Paul’s writings and the Gospels

Q: Jerome’s translation of the Bible (the Vulgate) was written in what language?
- Greek
- Latin
- French
- Hebrew
- Aramaic
A: Latin