Title: Chapter 05: Islam
Course: World Religions, 2e

Q: The Muslim doctrine of God is:
- a mild dualism.
- Trinitarian.
- polytheistic.
- henotheism.
- an absolute monotheism.
A: an absolute monotheism.

Q: What does Eid al-Adha mean?
- feast of the of pilgrim
- feast of the fast-breaking
- festival of joy
- feast of the sacrifice
- festival of light
A: feast of the sacrifice

Q: The term for successor to the Prophet Muhammad in Sunni Islam is:
- imam.
- muezzin.
- caliph.
- sultan.
- companion.
A: caliph.

Q: Christians and Jews who did not convert to Islam sought protection as:
- slaves.
- caliphs.
- heretics.
- Abraham’s children.
- dhimmis.
A: dhimmis.

Q: The Shahadah states:
- Jesus is a prophet equal to Muhammad.
- Muhammad is the son of God.
- There is no God but God; Muhammad is his prophet.
- I put my faith in Muhammad as God’s apostle.
- Muhammad is God incarnate.
A: There is no God but God; Muhammad is his prophet.

Q: What is a surah?
- a chapter in the Quran
- the veil used by Muslim women
- a Muslim sword used in holy war
- a coin given as alms in Muslim countries
- a leader in Friday prayers in Islam
A: a chapter in the Quran

Q: The Muslim calendar uses the abbreviation AH (anno hegirae). To what does this refer?
- the return of Muhammad to Mecca
- the birth of Muhammad
- the flight of Muhammad from Mecca
- the death of Muhammad
- the first revelation to Muhammad
A: the flight of Muhammad from Mecca

Q: What is the Kaaba?
- name of the first mosque in Medina
- Jewish mysticism
- collection of stories about Muhammad
- the Muslim mosque in Jerusalem
- the central religious building in Mecca
A: the central religious building in Mecca

Q: What is implied by calling Muhammad the seal of the prophets?
- Muhammad is the first prophet.
- Muhammad is the only prophet.
- Muhammad is the hidden prophet.
- Muhammad is the final prophet.
- Muhammad is the true prophet.
A: Muhammad is the final prophet.

Q: What is the Sunna?
- traditions about Muhammad
- chapters of the Quran
- the major branch of Muslims
- Islamic law
- the Muslim confession of faith
A: traditions about Muhammad

Q: What is the Sharia?
- Muslim confession of faith
- chapters of the Quran
- a school of Islamic interpretation
- one branch of Muslims
- Islamic law
A: Islamic law

Q: The common phrase “if Allah wills” reflects what general view in Muslim belief?
- Muhammad was chosen as “seal” of the prophets
- God determines all of life
- the validity of the Quran
- only the wicked are responsible for their actions
- everyone has free will
A: God determines all of life

Q: What does Eid al-Fitr mean?
- feast of the sacrifice
- feast of joy
- feast of light
- feast of remembrance
- feast of the fast-breaking
A: feast of the fast-breaking

Q: In popular tales, what have the Muslim jinn become?
- Satan
- ghosts
- genies
- angels
- sages
A: genies

Q: What is expressed in the term tawhid?
- the selection of Muhammad as prophet
- the rightful leadership of Ali
- violation of law
- the oneness of God
- a Muslim marriage contract
A: the oneness of God

Q: What does the word hijra mean?
- emigration
- pilgrim
- return
- opening
- beginning
A: emigration

Q: What is the ummah?
- the first chapter of the Quran
- the prayer leader in a mosque
- consensus opinion
- the leader of the Shia community
- the Muslim community as a whole
A: the Muslim community as a whole

Q: What is the basic meaning of the word jihad?
- struggle
- war
- holy war
- surrender
- pilgrim
A: struggle

Q: What is the basic meaning of the SLM letter combination in Arabic?
- struggle
- war
- surrender
- pious
- confess
A: surrender

Q: What is a fatwa?
- a death sentence
- a legal opinion
- a call to holy war
- a story about Muhammad
- a leader of prayers at a mosque
A: a legal opinion

Q: What does the common Muslim expression “Allahu Akbar” mean?
- God is one
- Akbar is king
- Praise to Allah
- God is greatest
- Allah is God
A: God is greatest

Q: What is a hijab?
- a name of honor given to a pilgrim
- head covering worn by many Muslim women
- clothing worn by all pilgrims
- a flight
- a marriage contract
A: head covering worn by many Muslim women

Q: What does the term Quran mean?
- recitation
- truth
- revelation
- poem
- book
A: recitation

Q: What special event is commemorated by the Shia?
- the birth of Ali
- the election of Ali
- martyrdom of Ali and Hussain
- the end of the Umayyad Empire
- the victory of Hussain over the Umayyads
A: martyrdom of Ali and Hussain

Q: When were hadith collected and organized into authoritative editions?
- two years after Muhammad’s death
- two decades after Muhammad’s death
- while Muhammad was still alive
- 1900s
- two centuries after Muhammad’s death
A: two centuries after Muhammad’s death

Q: How many authorized collections of hadith are generally accepted?
- 1
- 6
- 12
- 24
- 99
A: 6

Q: What is emphasized in the book The Revival of the Religious Sciences?
- religious experience and revelation
- scientific exploration
- literary criticism of the Quran
- historical criticism of the Quran
- comparative religions
A: religious experience and revelation

Q: From the Islamic perspective, why are the Old and New Testaments not to be trusted?
- The Quran is Allah’s only revelation.
- They were written by false prophets.
- The material is not in Arabic.
- Jews and Christians corrupted the text.
- They are revelations of by false gods.
A: Jews and Christians corrupted the text.

Q: What made hadith reliable?
- clear support in the Quran
- wide knowledge of the hadith
- praise for both Allah and Muhammad in the hadith
- writing in a medieval Arabic script
- the chain of tradition connected to it
A: the chain of tradition connected to it

Q: Compared to the material in the Quran from Muhammad’s time in Medina, the material from Mecca is:
- more abstract.
- longer.
- more anti-Jewish.
- focused on legislation.
- focused on ritual.
A: more abstract.

Q: What was Muhammad’s role in the creation of the Quran?
- interpreter
- author
- reciter
- scribe
- reviser
A: reciter

Q: The chapters of the Quran are arranged largely in what way?
- by theme
- by author
- by date of composition
- by length
- by language
A: by length

Q: Which writings below do Muslims not consider to have come from Allah?
- Torah
- Quran
- teachings of Jesus
- Vedas
- Psalms
A: Vedas

Q: How many hadith are generally accepted as reliable by Muslims?
- 6,000
- 10
- 200,000
- 100
- 1,000
A: 6,000

Q: Another name for the Seveners is:
- Zaidites.
- Ismailis.
- Wahhabis.
- Kharijites.
- Sufis.
A: Ismailis.

Q: What kind of material in the Quran was subject to abrogation?
- erroneous
- early
- nonlegal
- provisional
- none
A: provisional

Q: What period in Muslim history is captured by the tales of Aladdin and his magic lamp in the Arabian Nights?
- the golden age of the Umayyad Empire
- the golden age of the Fatimid Empire
- the golden age of the Ottoman Empire
- the golden age of the Abbasid Empire
- the golden age of the Mughul Empire
A: the golden age of the Abbasid Empire

Q: Who are the Zaidites?
- Shia followers of a different fifth imam
- Ismaili
- Sufi saints
- Druze
- early opponents of Ali
A: Shia followers of a different fifth imam

Q: What Muslim movement is most responsible for the rise of fundamentalism in the modern Islam world?
- Wahhabi
- Ismaili
- Sufi
- Zaidite
- Druze
A: Wahhabi

Q: The Whirling Dervishes are part of which Muslim movement?
- Zaidite
- Sufi
- Wahhabi
- Ismaili
- Kharijite
A: Sufi

Q: What early supporters of Ali soon became his violent enemies?
- Zaidites
- Ismaili
- Kharijites
- Umayyads
- Meccans
A: Kharijites

Q: What tribe controlled Mecca?
- Sasanid
- Wahhabi
- Nabataean
- Quraysh
- Abyssinian
A: Quraysh

Q: What group formed a significant element of the population of Medina when Muhammad was invited to move there?
- Christians
- Persians
- women
- Muslims
- Jews
A: Jews

Q: Which is not a source of Islamic law?
- Quran
- the high court of Mecca
- hadith
- consensus
- analogy
A: the high court of Mecca

Q: Why were the Umayyads resented by many of the early converts to Islam?
- they were not Arabs
- they had not converted to Islam
- they were not related to Muhammad
- they had been leading opponents of Muhammad
- they promoted non-Arabs in government
A: they had been leading opponents of Muhammad

Q: When were the Moors (Muslims) expelled from Spain by Christian armies?
- 1100s
- 1400s
- 700s
- 1900s
- 1600s
A: 1400s

Q: When did Christian crusader armies hold Muslim land in the Middle East?
- 1100s–1200s
- 1800s
- 600s
- 1500s
- after the fall of the Ottoman Empire
A: 1100s–1200s

Q: Where was the Ottoman Empire centered?
- Syria
- Egypt
- India
- Spain
- Turkey
A: Turkey

Q: What was the initial stance of the Mughals to non-Muslim religions in India?
- tolerant and disinterested
- negative, outlawing all but Islam
- tolerant and curious
- negative, but permitting others under heavy taxation
- negative to all but the new Sikh religion
A: tolerant and curious

Q: What brought about a decline of the great Turkish and Mughal Empires?
- famine
- the Crusades
- the rise of Saudi Arabia
- successful European exploration
- the capture of Mecca
A: successful European exploration

Q: For most of Muslim history, how many schools of interpretation of Muslim law were judged as orthodox?
- 4
- 1
- 3
- 7
- 10
A: 4

Q: Who or what destroyed the largest Buddha statues in the world in 2001?
- Soviet occupiers
- Tamil Tigers
- earthquake
- rebel Buddhist monks
- Muslim Taliban
A: Muslim Taliban

Q: To what subgroup do most Shias belong?
- Seveners
- Zaidites
- Twelvers
- Karijites
- Fatimids
A: Twelvers

Q: What does the word Shia mean?
- truth
- correct
- minority
- party
- law
A: party

Q: What best describes the Muslim presentation of the afterlife?
- vague
- borrowed largely from Christian descriptions
- largely allegorical
- vivid and detailed
- unmentioned
A: vivid and detailed

Q: What Muslim empire was the greatest empire in the world in the 1500s and 1600s?
- Ottoman
- Fatimid
- Abbasid
- Mongol
- Moor
A: Ottoman

Q: What empire overthrew the Abbasids?
- Umayyad
- Ottoman
- Mongol
- Fatimid
- Byzantine
A: Mongol

Q: What was the Shiite Empire in Egypt called?
- Ottoman
- Fatimid
- Ismaili
- Umayyad
- Abbasid
A: Fatimid

Q: What strong non-Arab influence affected the Abbasid court?
- Indian
- Jewish
- Christian
- Spanish
- Persian
A: Persian

Q: Where was the Abbasid Empire centered?
- Egypt
- Baghdad
- Damascus
- Mecca
- Turkey
A: Baghdad

Q: Where was the Umayyad Empire centered?
- Baghdad
- Mecca
- Egypt
- Damascus
- Turkey
A: Damascus

Q: According to Muslim tradition, Abraham is considered to be the father of what nation(s)?
- both Arabs and Jews
- Arabs
- Jews
- only Arabs who are Muslims
- Arabs and Egyptians
A: both Arabs and Jews

Q: The Abbasid empire collapsed as which two empires arose?
- Carolingian and Ottoman
- Seljuk and Persian
- Mogul and Ottoman
- Umayyad and Mogul
- Byzantine and Ottoman
A: Mogul and Ottoman

Q: The Umayyad dynasty was overthrown by the:
- Christians.
- Kharijites.
- Jews.
- Ottomans.
- Abbasids.
A: Abbasids.

Q: The major difference between Shiites and Sunnis was:
- their understanding of leadership.
- their reverence for Baghdad over Damascus.
- their reverence for Baghdad over Mecca.
- the content of their canons.
- their attitude to Muhammad.
A: their understanding of leadership.

Q: What statement best describes the religious perspective of Islam on the human condition and recovery?
- alien, in need of incorporation into a covenant people
- ignorant, in need of clear instruction
- sinful, in need of redemption
- meriting punishment, in need of further rebirths
- pure spirit, imprisoned in the material world
A: ignorant, in need of clear instruction

Q: A puritanical movement in Islam that fought against mystical groups was the:
- Kharijites.
- Ismailis.
- Wahhabis.
- Zaidites.
- Sufis.
A: Wahhabis.

Q: The major mystical groups in Islam are known as:
- Wahhabis.
- Ismailis.
- Kharijites.
- Seveners.
- Sufis.
A: Sufis.

Q: What is a muezzin?
- a legal scholar
- one who calls Muslims to prayer
- a tower on a mosque
- a Sufi master
- a leader of the Shia community
A: one who calls Muslims to prayer

Q: Why did the city of Mecca finally surrender to Muhammad?
- Muhammad’s armies had blocked all escape routes
- Muhammad had won all the battles
- Muhammad had disrupted the caravan trade
- a plague struck the city
- they were betrayed by one of their leaders
A: Muhammad had disrupted the caravan trade

Q: Whom did Muhammad select to lead the Muslim community after his death?
- Ali
- anyone the majority elected
- his daughter, Fatamid
- anyone the male majority elected
- he made no plans for succession
A: he made no plans for succession

Q: Who is the Mahdi?
- Muslim messiah figure
- any Muslim scholar
- the wife of Muhammad
- the mother of Muhammad
- the leader of prayers in a mosque
A: Muslim messiah figure

Q: What does the term caliph mean?
- leader
- follower
- disciple
- successor
- lord
A: successor

Q: What is the Arabic word for Jesus?
- Iblis
- Isa
- Ishmael
- jinn
- Allah
A: Isa

Q: Most of the activities of a Muslim on pilgrimage are associated with which figures in the Islamic tradition?
- Abraham and Isaac
- Ishmael and Isaac
- Adam and Abraham
- Adam and Moses
- Abraham and Ishmael
A: Abraham and Ishmael

Q: According to Islam, who was the first prophet?
- Moses
- Adam
- Noah
- Jesus
- Muhammad
A: Adam

Q: What is the ideal government in the eyes of most Shia Muslims?
- religion and state are ruled by one person
- clergy and state powers are rigidly separated
- a military leader rules over the imam
- Westernized democracy
- leaders restricted to two four-year terms
A: religion and state are ruled by one person

Q: According to Islamic teaching, who conveyed the Quran to Muhammad?
- the angel Gabriel
- Adam
- Abraham
- Moses
- Jesus
A: the angel Gabriel

Q: In Muslim teaching, who is Iblis?
- Jesus
- another name for Muhammad
- Satan
- the last imam
- the angel of death
A: Satan

Q: Over what period of time did Muhammad have mystical experiences of revelation?
- one year
- one month
- fifty years
- over twenty years
- one week
A: over twenty years

Q: Which group did Al-Ghazali make popular?
- Fatamids
- Wahhabis
- Kharijites
- Ismailis
- Sufis
A: Sufis

Q: The main accomplishment of the first four successors of Muhammad was:
- translated the Quran into Greek and Persian.
- rebuilt Mecca.
- conquered much of Mediterranean and Mesopotamia.
- signed peace treaties with growing Byzantine Empire.
- conquered Constantinople.
A: conquered much of Mediterranean and Mesopotamia.

Q: What group does the Aga Khan lead?
- Zaidites
- Ismaili
- Whirling Dervishes
- Twelvers
- Kharijites
A: Ismaili

Q: Who was Khadija?
- Muhammad’s only wife
- Muhammad’s last wife
- Muhammad’s favorite daughter
- Muhammad’s first wife
- Ali’s wife
A: Muhammad’s first wife

Q: What is not a feature of the first four successors of Muhammad?
- younger followers of Muhammad
- related to Muhammad
- originally from Mecca
- early converts to Islam
- from the Quraysh tribe
A: younger followers of Muhammad

Q: Who stopped the Muslim advance in Western Europe?
- Martin Luther
- Martin of Tours
- Emperor Charles
- King Ferdinand
- Pope Urban
A: Martin of Tours

Q: What action did Ataturk not take when he became the leader of Turkey?
- changed the Turkish script from Arabic to Latin
- outlawed Sufi groups
- reestablished the caliphate
- promoted westernization
- secularized the Turkish state
A: reestablished the caliphate

Q: What event is celebrated on Mawlid?
- Ali’s birthday
- Muhammad’s birthday
- Muhammad’s death
- Ali’s martyrdom
- Hussain’s martyrdom
A: Muhammad’s birthday

Q: The Islamic Dome of the Rock shrine is built on what site?
- the grave of Muhammad
- the grave of Ali
- the birthplace of Ishmael
- the birthplace of Abraham
- the destroyed Jewish temple
A: the destroyed Jewish temple

Q: From what city do Muslims believe that Muhammad ascended to heaven?
- Jerusalem
- Mecca
- Medina
- Damascus
- Cairo
A: Jerusalem

Q: What is the third-most holy city in the Islamic world?
- Mecca
- Medina
- Jerusalem
- Damascus
- Cairo
A: Jerusalem

Q: What was Yathrib?
- original name for the city of Mecca
- main tribe of Medina
- original name for the city of Medina
- main tribe of Mecca
- site of a battle between Mecca and Medina
A: original name for the city of Medina

Q: In what city was the first Islamic government established?
- Mecca
- Jerusalem
- Granada
- Damascus
- Medina
A: Medina

Q: What is the main place of Muslim pilgrimage?
- Medina
- Jerusalem
- any mosque
- Mecca
- Karbala
A: Mecca

Q: What is the primary purpose of a minaret?
- calling Muslims to prayer
- identifying the chief mosque in a city
- identifying the direction to Mecca
- identifying the direction to Jerusalem
- watching for returning pilgrims
A: calling Muslims to prayer

Q: How many gods did the Kaaba contain before the reforms of Muhammad?
- 1
- 3
- 12
- 100
- 360
A: 360

Q: What was the extent of the Umayyad Empire?
- Spain to Arabia
- India to Arabia
- Spain to India
- Egypt to India
- Egypt to Spain
A: Spain to India

Q: What area did the Umayyads retain after their empire fell to the Abbasids?
- Egypt
- Spain
- Arabia
- Syria
- North Africa
A: Spain

Q: What does the Night of Power commemorate?
- Muhammad’s journey to heaven
- Muhammad’s first revelatory experience
- Ali’s martyrdom
- Muhammad’s death
- the election of Ali
A: Muhammad’s first revelatory experience

Q: Which Islamic empire captured the Christian city of Constantinople?
- Fatamid
- Abbasid
- Umayyad
- Ottoman
- Mogul
A: Ottoman

Q: Why did the people of Mecca reject Muhammad?
- He was from a rival tribe.
- He married an older woman.
- He wanted to institute a high tax called alms.
- He threatened economic and religious stability.
- He was of questionable parentage.
A: He threatened economic and religious stability.

Q: What is the main center of the Shia community today?
- Saudi Arabia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Egypt
- Pakistan
A: Iran

Q: What is the Taj Mahal?
- a mosque
- the place of Muhammad’s burial
- a Muslim mausoleum
- a Hindu mausoleum
- main center of Sufi pilgrimage
A: a Muslim mausoleum

Q: What does the word mosque mean?
- house of God
- house of learning
- house of confession
- place of repentance
- place of prostration
A: place of prostration

Q: What is the Blue Mosque?
- a major Ottoman mosque in Istanbul
- the major mosque of Cairo
- any mosque established by Muhammad
- any mosque in mourning for its leader
- the chief mosque in Jerusalem
A: a major Ottoman mosque in Istanbul

Q: What is the central object of attention that is displayed by the Kaaba?
- the first copy of the Quran
- the bones of Abraham
- the Black Stone
- the stone tablets from Moses
- the ark of the covenant
A: the Black Stone

Q: What is the Muslim confession of faith called?
- tawhid
- mawlid
- sawn
- shariah
- shahadah
A: shahadah

Q: In what direction do Muslims pray?
- east
- Jerusalem
- Mecca
- north
- west
A: Mecca

Q: How many times each day are Muslims called to prayer?
- 1
- 3
- 5
- 10
- 12
A: 5

Q: What is celebrated on Eid al-Fitr?
- end of the Ramadan fast
- end of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca
- Muhammad’s birthday
- beginning of the Ramadan fast
- the beginning of the annual pilgrimage
A: end of the Ramadan fast

Q: When is the time of the primary Muslim communal prayer?
- Friday noon
- Saturday evening
- Sunday morning
- Friday morning
- Monday morning
A: Friday noon

Q: How many names or attributes of God do Muslims routinely cite?
- 100
- 1
- 3
- 24
- 99
A: 99

Q: What or who is the Al-Fatihah?
- favorite daughter of Muhammad
- common prayer of Muslims
- Egyptian Muslim empire
- a major Muslim feast
- leading Sufi sage
A: common prayer of Muslims

Q: What is one of the primary forms of Islamic artistic expression?
- icons of Sufi saints
- map making
- pyramids
- calligraphy
- dance and music
A: calligraphy

Q: How many beads are used in a Muslim rosary?
- 10
- 50
- 99
- 100
- 24
A: 100

Q: Halal is to Islam as ______________ is to Judaism?
- circumcision
- rabbi
- kosher
- Yiddish
- parve
A: kosher

Q: From what did Sufi “saint worship” develop?
- high regard for the Sufi masters
- Christian worship of martyrs
- the respect paid to the caliphs
- instructions in the Quran
- instructions in the hadith
A: high regard for the Sufi masters

Q: In Islam, prayer is:
- rejected in favor of meditation.
- a duty each day.
- addressed to Muhammad.
- always communal.
- only permitted in a mosque.
A: a duty each day.

Q: What element is not one of the pillars of Islam?
- fasting
- pilgrimage
- repentance
- creed
- confession
A: repentance

Q: Why do Muslims practice circumcision?
- It is commanded in the Quran.
- It was done by Abraham.
- It was done by Muhammad.
- It was prohibited by Arabs before Muhammad.
- It was the traditional mark of an Arab.
A: It was done by Muhammad.

Q: What is celebrated on Eid al-Adha?
- beginning of the pilgrimage
- Muhammad’s birthday
- end of the Ramadan fast
- beginning of the Ramadan fast
- end of the pilgrimage to Mecca
A: end of the pilgrimage to Mecca

Q: What is a rakah?
- a cycle of movement in prayer
- casting stones on pilgrimage
- once circle around the Kaaba
- one complete reading of the Quran
- one day of fasting
A: a cycle of movement in prayer

Q: What does the term hajj specify?
- Muslim pilgrim
- month of pilgrimage
- emigration
- flight
- Muslim pilgrimage
A: Muslim pilgrimage

Q: Over how many days is the Muslim pilgrimage carried out?
- 1
- 6
- 30
- 365
- 14
A: 6

Q: When do Muslims fast?
- mornings
- Fridays
- during pilgrimage
- once a week
- the month of Ramadan
A: the month of Ramadan

Q: What is the distinctive color of Islam and said to have been one of Muhammad’s favorite colors?
- black
- white
- red
- green
- yellow
A: green

Q: What is the most recognizable symbol of Islam in the modern world?
- crescent and star
- red circle
- hijab
- sword
- compass
A: crescent and star

Q: What does the word Kaaba mean?
- circle
- cube
- center
- capital
- corner
A: cube

Q: What do Muslims mean by lesser jihad?
- short pilgrimage
- war against other Muslims
- daily moral struggle
- holy war
- war against other Arabs
A: holy war

Q: What is a hadith?
- a chapter of the Quran
- a title given to a returning pilgrim
- emigration
- any Muslim holy place
- a story about Muhammad
A: a story about Muhammad

Q: Shirk is the primary prohibition in Islam. What does it prohibit?
- cursing God
- worshiping images
- associating anything with God
- marrying a non-Muslim
- converting to another religion
A: associating anything with God