Title: Chapter 04
Course: Exploring Psychology and Christian Faith Test Bank

Q: According to the authors, is it a requirement for Christians that they believe in some form of dualism? Explain why or why not, and cite examples from throughout the chapter that support your answer.

Q: Compare and contrast dualism and monism. What are the potential dangers of leaning too much one way or the other?

Q: Summarize the situations of visual impairment described by Michael Gazzaniga. What does Gazzaniga conclude about the reason for the different outcomes, and what does he think this result tells us?

Q: List two original-language (i.e., Hebrew or Greek) words in the Old or New Testament and how the translation of these words has changed in the past several decades. According to the authors, what does this change in translation suggest?

Q: Psychologist Steven Pinker believes modern science has shown that the “soul” . . .
- interacts with the body through the brain—which acts like a “pocket PC” for the soul.
- is essentially the information processing of the brain and nothing more.
- is basically the “ghost in the machine.”
- is the part of you that trusts in God.
A: is essentially the information processing of the brain and nothing more.

Q: Old Testament Hebrew words such as ruach, nishmath, and similar words are translated to English as . . .
- “soul” in every instance the words appear—regardless of type of translation.
- “soul,” “spirit,” or “breath,” depending on the context.
- “living” being.
- “human soul”—and are never applied to animals.
A: “soul,” “spirit,” or “breath,” depending on the context.

Q: New Testament words such as pneuma and psuchç (sometimes spelled psychç) are translated as . . .
- “mind,” regardless of context.
- “soul,” regardless of context or translation.
- “mind,” “soul,” or simply “person,” depending on the context.
- “body” and “mind.”
A: “mind,” “soul,” or simply “person,” depending on the context.

Q: The main point of chapter 4, “The Ghost in the Machine,” is to . . .
- convince readers to get rid of the outdated concept of soul.
- defend the dualistic understanding of body and soul.
- steer between the two views of extreme “physicalism” (or materialistic-monism) and extreme “spiritualism.”
- to scientifically demonstrate the existence of soul.
A: steer between the two views of extreme “physicalism” (or materialistic-monism) and extreme “spiritualism.”

Q: According to psychologist Paul Bloom most people  . . .
- are monistic.
- are like young children—believing that the soul cannot be real.
- are intuitively monistic as children but come believe in the soul once they encounter religion.
- are intuitively dualistic—even as children.
A: are intuitively dualistic—even as children.

Q: According to Moes and Tellinghuisen, most Christians assume that belief in the soul is . . .
- very much an optional view.
- essential to faith.
- only important for understanding the resurrection, otherwise it really doesn’t influence Christian thought.
- an outdated concept.
A: essential to faith.

Q: As Michael Gazzaniga describes the situation, what happens to visual experience when someone damages their left optic tract (which carries information from the eye to the brain) is severed?
- They are consciously aware that they cannot see anything to one side (i.e., right visual field).
- They are consciously aware that they cannot see at all.
- They have no conscious awareness of any visual problems—yet they bump into things all the time.
- They start to see “double.”
A: They are consciously aware that they cannot see anything to one side (i.e., right visual field).

Q: As Michael Gazzaniga describes the situation, what happens to visual experience when someone has damage to their left visual cortex (the part of the brain that receives visual information from the eye)?
- They are consciously aware that they cannot see anything to one side (i.e., right visual field).
- They are consciously aware that they cannot see at all.
- They have no conscious awareness of any visual problems—yet they bump into things all the time.
- They start to see “double.”
A: They have no conscious awareness of any visual problems—yet they bump into things all the time.

Q: According to Moes and Tellinghuisen, many people may not be aware of the fact that . . .
- a number of Christian psychologists, neuroscientists, philosophers, and theologians have begun to revise our concept of soul.
- Christian neuroscientists have scientifically verified the existence of the soul.
- virtually all Christian theologians have rejected the notion of the soul.
- there has never been a “Christian version of monism” because no one has ever been able to reconcile the concept of monism with Scripture.
A: a number of Christian psychologists, neuroscientists, philosophers, and theologians have begun to revise our concept of soul.

Q: According to Moes and Tellinghuisen, one possible danger of taking a more dualistic view is:
- treating a person as having no value, responsibility, or meaning.
- spiritualizing all problems and not recognizing their physical, mental, and social dimensions.
- that we become too childlike in our faith.
- emphasizing present existence over life after death.
A: spiritualizing all problems and not recognizing their physical, mental, and social dimensions.

Q: According to Moes and Tellinghuisen, one possible danger of taking a more materialistic-monistic view is:
- treating a person as having no value, responsibility, or meaning.
- spiritualizing all problems and not recognizing their physical, mental, and social dimensions.
- that we become too childlike in our faith.
- emphasizing life after death rather than our present existence.
A: treating a person as having no value, responsibility, or meaning.

Q: In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word nephesh was always translated as __________ in the King James Version of the Bible, but many contemporary translations typically translate this word as __________.
- breath; soul
- soul; spirit
- life; soul
- soul; living being
A: soul; living being